Everything about Demonstration People totally explained
A
demonstration is an historically and geographically common form of
nonviolent action by groups of people. The term "demonstration" was coined in the United States during the
civil rights movement of the 1950s-1970s and refers to the public display of the common
opinion of a group of people, a concept developed by
Mahatma Gandhi during the
Indian independence movement and by
Martin Luther King, Jr. during the American civil rights movement. Demonstrations are a form of
activism, usually taking the form of a public gathering of people in a rally or walking in a march. At times, more interventionist actions such as blockades and sit-ins have been referred to as demonstrations. Thus, the opinion is
demonstrated to be significant by gathering in a crowd associated with that opinion.
Demonstrations can be used to show a viewpoint (either positive or negative) regarding a public issue, especially relating to a perceived
grievance or
social injustice. A demonstration is usually considered more successful if more people participate. Topics of demonstrations often deal with
political,
economic, and
social issues.
Forms
There are many types of demonstrations, including a variety of elements. These may include:
- Marches, in which a parade of people proceeds from one location to another.
- Rallies, in which people gather to listen to speakers or musicians.
- Picketing, in which people surround an area.
- Sit-ins, in which demonstrators occupy an area, sometimes for a stated period of time and sometimes indefinitely, until they feel their issue has been addressed, or they're otherwise convinced or forced to leave.
Demonstrations are sometimes spontaneous gatherings, but are also utilized as a tactical choice by movements. They are one tactic available to proponents of strategic
nonviolence. Demonstrations are generally staged in public, but private demonstrations are certainly possible, especially if the demonstrators wish to influence the opinions of a small or very specific group of people. Demonstrations are usually physical gatherings, but virtual or
online demonstrations are certainly possible.
Sometimes, particularly with controversial issues, groups of people opposed to the aims of a demonstration may themselves launch a counter-demonstration with the aim of opposing the demonstrators and presenting their view. Clashes between demonstrators and counter-demonstrators may turn violent.
Times and locations
Sometimes the date or location chosen for the demonstration is of historical or cultural significance, such as the
anniversary of some event that's relevant to the topic of the demonstration.
Locations are also frequently chosen because of some relevance to the issue at hand. For example, if a demonstration is targeted at issues relating to foreign
nation, the demonstration may take place at a location associated with that nation, such as an
embassy of the nation in question.
Nonviolence or violence
Protest marches and demonstrations are seen to be a common
nonviolent tactic. Some demonstrations and
protests however can turn, at least partially, into
riots or mob
violence against objects such as
automobiles and
businesses, bystanders and the
police. Police and military authorities often use
non-lethal force or less-lethal weapons, such as
tasers,
rubber bullets,
pepper spray, and
tear gas against demonstrators in these situations. Sometimes violent situations are caused by the preemptive or offensive use of these weapons which can provoke, destabilize, or escalate a conflict.
Demonstrations and U.S. law
The
First Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically allows peaceful demonstrations and the
freedom of assembly as part of a measure to facilitate the redress of such grievances. "Amendment I: Congress shall make no law ... abridging ... the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."
A growing trend in the
United States has been the implementation of "
free speech zones," or fenced-in areas which are often far-removed from the event which is being protested; critics of free-speech zones argue that they go against the First Amendment of the
United States Constitution by their very nature, and that they lessen the impact the demonstration might otherwise have had.
In many areas it's required to get permission from the government to hold a demonstration.
United Kingdom
Under the
Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 and the
Terrorism Act 2006, there are areas designated as 'protected sites' where people are not allowed to go. Previously, these were military bases and nuclear power stations, but the law is changing to include other, generally political areas, such as
Downing Street, the
Palace of Westminster, and the headquarters of
MI5 and
MI6. Previously,
trespassers to these areas couldn't be arrested if they've not committed another crime and agreed to be escorted out, but this will change following amendments to the law.
Human rights groups fear the powers could hinder peaceful protest.
Nick Clegg, the
Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman, said: "I am not aware of vast troops of trespassers wanting to invade MI5 or MI6, still less running the gauntlet of security checks in
Whitehall and Westminster to make a point. It's a sledgehammer to crack a nut."
Liberty, the
civil liberties pressure group, said the measure was "excessive".
Further Information
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